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        <h1 class="mt-4 article-title page-title">虚拟机中的CentOS 7设置固定IP连接最理想的配置</h1>
        
        <p class="lead text-gray mt-3">By Anonymous; Published on 2020-01-08</p>
        
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                            <article class="article-text page-content"><h1 id="环境"><a href="#环境" class="headerlink" title="环境"></a>环境</h1><p>window 10</p>
<h1 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h1><p>1、笔记本主机IP为设置自动获取，不管什么情况下，不受虚拟机影响，只要连接外网就可以正常上网；<br>2、只要笔记本主机可以正常访问外网，启动虚拟机中的CentOS 7系统就可以正常访问外网，无需再进行任何设置；<br>3、虚拟机设置为固定IP，不管主机在什么网络环境下，是断网环境，还是连接任何网段访问外网的环境下，虚拟机的IP都固定不变，而且使用终端连接，始终不变，正常连接；<br>4、虚拟机的固定IP可以按照自己想设置的IP地址网段随意设置，比如我就想设置固定IP为192.168.2.2。<br>以上4点，网上我没有找到一个帖子可以达到我要求的效果，经过我这段时间研究，经过各种尝试，期间出现各种问题，测试稳定后，总结如下分享给大家，希望对大家有所帮助，少走弯路。</p>
<p>配置环境说明：主机为win10家庭版，虚拟机为VMware Workstation 12 Pro中文版，虚拟机中的linux系统为CentOS 7 64位。</p>
<p>1、设置虚拟机的网络连接方式：<br>按照如下图设置，英文版的对照设置即可：</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200105210028158.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjYyNDQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p>2.配置虚拟机的NAT模式具体地址参数：</p>
<p>（1）编辑–虚拟网络编辑器–更改设置</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200105210100876.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjYyNDQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>（2）选择VMnet8–取消勾选使用本地DHCP–设置子网IP–网关IP设置（记住此处设置，后面要用到），如下图</p>
<p>说明：修改子网IP设置，实现自由设置固定IP；<br>若你想设置固定IP为192.168.2.2-255，比如192.168.2.2，则子网IP为192.168.2.0；<br>若你想设置固定IP为192.168.1.2-255，比如192.168.1.2，则子网IP为192.168.1.0；<br>也就是说，你想配置成哪个网段，IP地址最后那位为0即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200105210146401.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjYyNDQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>（3）网关IP可以参照如下格式修改：192.168.2.1</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200105210207487.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjYyNDQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p>3.配置笔记本主机具体VMnet8本地地址参数：</p>
<p>说明：第6步中的IP地址随意设置，但是要保证不能跟你要设置虚拟机的固定IP一样。我设置的是：<code>192.168.116.1</code></p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200105210308835.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjYyNDQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>4.修改虚拟机中的CentOS 7系统为固定IP的配置文件：</p>
<p>（1）进入centos7命令行界面，修改如下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd &#x2F;etc&#x2F;sysconfig&#x2F;network-scripts&#x2F;</span><br><span class="line">vim ifcfg-eno16777736 #我的是ifcfg-en33,视电脑情况而定</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200105210409297.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjYyNDQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020010521041761.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjYyNDQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>说明：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">将IPV6…..协议都注释；</span></span><br><span class="line">BOOTPROTO=static        #开机协议，有dhcp及static；</span><br><span class="line">ONBOOT=yes              #设置为开机启动；</span><br><span class="line">DNS1=114.114.114.114    #这个是国内的DNS地址，是固定的；</span><br><span class="line">IPADDR=192.168.2.2      #你想要设置的固定IP，理论上192.168.2.2-255之间都可以，请自行验证；</span><br><span class="line">NETMASK=255.255.255.0   #子网掩码，不需要修改；</span><br><span class="line">GATEWAY=192.168.2.1     #网关，这里应该和你“2.配置虚拟机的NAT模式具体地址参数”中的（2）选择VMnet8--取消勾选使用本地DHCP--设置子网IP--网关IP设置 一样才行。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>本人实际测试过，即使不注释IPV6也可以。你也可以试试不注释。</p>
<p>—-========—-2017年8月17日———–=====——start——<br>我最终的配置：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">TYPE=Ethernet</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">BOOTPROTO=dhcp</span></span><br><span class="line">BOOTPROTO=none</span><br><span class="line">DEFROUTE=yes</span><br><span class="line">IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no</span><br><span class="line">IPV6INIT=yes</span><br><span class="line">IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes</span><br><span class="line">IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes</span><br><span class="line">IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no</span><br><span class="line">IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy</span><br><span class="line">NAME=ens33</span><br><span class="line">UUID=f2367168-1c8f-4b43-8bf0-84f9d857a053</span><br><span class="line">DEVICE=ens33</span><br><span class="line">ONBOOT=yes</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">DNS1=114.114.114.144</span><br><span class="line">ZONE=public</span><br><span class="line">IPADDR=192.168.116.19</span><br><span class="line">PREFIX=24</span><br><span class="line">GATEWAY=192.168.116.2</span><br><span class="line">IPV6_PEERDNS=yes</span><br><span class="line">IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>—-========—-2017年8月17日———–====——end——</p>
<p>（2）重启网络服务</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">service network restart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>5.检验配置是否成功</p>
<p>（1）查看修改后的固定IP为192.168.2.2，配置正确；</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ifconfig</span><br><span class="line"># 或者</span><br><span class="line">ip addr</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020010521063368.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjYyNDQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p>（2）测试虚拟机中的CentOS 7系统是否能连外网，有数据返回，说明可以连接外网；</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ping www.baidu.com</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>结果：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[yutao@localhost ~]$ ping www.baidu.com</span><br><span class="line">PING www.a.shifen.com (180.97.33.108) 56(84) bytes of data.</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=67.2 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=66.1 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=8 ttl=128 time=2968 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=7 ttl=128 time=3970 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=9 ttl=128 time=1970 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=10 ttl=128 time=969 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=11 ttl=128 time=80.2 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=12 ttl=128 time=87.4 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=13 ttl=128 time=78.8 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=14 ttl=128 time=82.5 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=15 ttl=128 time=66.2 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=16 ttl=128 time=105 ms</span><br><span class="line">64 bytes from 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108): icmp_seq=17 ttl=128 time=203 ms</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（3）测试本机是否能ping通虚拟机的固定IP，有数据返回，说明可以使用终端工具正常连接；</p>
<p>打开<code>cmd</code>命令行</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">C:\Users\yutao&gt;ping 192.168.116.131</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">正在 Ping 192.168.116.131 具有 32 字节的数据:</span><br><span class="line">来自 192.168.116.131 的回复: 字节&#x3D;32 时间&lt;1ms TTL&#x3D;64</span><br><span class="line">来自 192.168.116.131 的回复: 字节&#x3D;32 时间&lt;1ms TTL&#x3D;64</span><br><span class="line">来自 192.168.116.131 的回复: 字节&#x3D;32 时间&lt;1ms TTL&#x3D;64</span><br><span class="line">来自 192.168.116.131 的回复: 字节&#x3D;32 时间&lt;1ms TTL&#x3D;64</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">192.168.116.131 的 Ping 统计信息:</span><br><span class="line">    数据包: 已发送 &#x3D; 4，已接收 &#x3D; 4，丢失 &#x3D; 0 (0% 丢失)，</span><br><span class="line">往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):</span><br><span class="line">    最短 &#x3D; 0ms，最长 &#x3D; 0ms，平均 &#x3D; 0ms</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>6.远程终端连接</p>
<p>到了这一步我就遇到了问题。我是通过<code>secure CRT</code>去连接。</p>
<p>一开始我报：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">The remote system refused the connection.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>网上的说法是（这个做法是错误的）：</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200105210833871.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjYyNDQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p>勾选选后，确实不报那个错误啦，但是报<code>Connection timed out</code>。</p>
<p><strong>经过我多番测试后发现</strong>：其实不需要勾选共享网络，之所报连接超时，是因为勾选<code>连接共享</code>后，之前配置的<code>VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8</code>中的<code>ip地址发生了改变，导致IP和我们在虚拟机中配置的IP不在一个网段上，所以报这个错误.</code></p>
<p>如果确实是按照上面的流程来，是不会有错的！如果报连接超时，就查看VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8中配置的IP是否和虚拟机中nat设置的子网ip是不是在一个网段上。</p>
<p>还需要说明点，不需要关闭防火墙的，因为端口<code>22</code>默认是不会拦截。</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200105211008103.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjYyNDQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200105211023921.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMwNjYyNDQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>一定要注意<code>VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8</code>中的<code>ip</code>地址与虚拟机中配置的子网IP是不是在一个网段上。</p>
<p>—-========—-2017年8月17日———–=====————<br>今天在帮同事配置时，最后一步连接CRT就是连接不上，明明已经配置到了一个网段上。<br>我遇到情况是，只要我把Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8ip地址和虚拟机的IP地址配置成一样的，就连接不上。但是配置成不一样，虚拟机就连接不上网络,最后也不知道弄了啥弄好了。<br>我只记得：<br>我是先把虚拟机的网关（虚拟网络编辑里的网关）改为192.168.152.2，之前是192.168.152.1；<br>再把Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8中的配置ip地址配置为192.168.152.1。<br>最后把虚拟机中的网络配置文件ifcfg-ens33文件的配置安装上面提到的我的最终配置一一修改了下。<br>然后就好了。。。。</p>
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